Training Focus
The radio spectrum is a limited resource that has to be shared between different services, technologies, users and countries. It is the task of regulatory authorities to manage the resource and to optimize its use. International frameworks provide the basis for spectrum management, however knowledge of the characteristics of the radio spectrum and technologies that use it are necessary for these frameworks to be translated into realizable policies and practices at a national and regional level.

This course begins by providing an overview of the goals of spectrum management as well as delivering an understanding of the specific characteristics of different parts of the radio spectrum and how this impacts its utility and value. The use of different spectrum bands is discussed, together with a consideration of the way in which historic and new radio technologies use spectrum and the techniques being considered to maximize efficiency and sharing. Different facets of spectrum management and regulation are explained. The course explores assignment and planning methods from the classical command and control techniques to developments in economic techniques such as pricing, trading and auctions. It takes a look at emerging techniques such as dynamic spectrum access and licensed shared access to help understand what failings of existing techniques they are seeking to redress.

Course Objectives
After completion of the course, participants will understand how the radio spectrum is used, and approaches to its management and regulation. They will have extended their knowledge of spectrum management and will have been updated on the latest techniques and processes being employed.

Intended for
This course is ideal for those working in a practical position within a spectrum regulator or regulatory body. It is useful for those who wish to deepen their knowledge of the toolkit for spectrum regulation and management including consultants, investors, manufacturers, major spectrum users and those for whom managing the spectrum is a part of their daily job.

Contents

•     Fundamentals of spectrum management
•     Characteristics of radio spectrum and radio technologies
•     Historic and new radio communication systems
•     The international framework and processes for spectrum management
•     Methods for licensing spectrum and service planning
•     Spectrum demand and efficiency
•     New techniques (dynamic spectrum access, license shared access)

Date
11. - 15.09.2023

Duration
4,5 Days

Course Fee
2,800 € (excluding VAT)

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Training Focus
The planning rules for radio services often leave small gaps which cannot be used or the scattered use of spectrum by a primary user leaves larger opportunities. Such spectrum might be accessible for different or additional radio services, typically ones with very low power which will not cause undue interference to the primary users. These opportunities are often termed ‘whitespaces’ and their use is being considered through methods such as dynamic spectrum assignment. In addition, regulatory techniques are trying to find ways to make sharing spectrum more attractive. This course examines the background to whitespaces, considering how and where they arise and looks at sharing opportunities. It then focuses on how spectrum might be made available to additional parties, and what kind of communications it might support. Finally, the various regulatory methods and technologies (including DSA/LSA and the role of databases) being considered will be examined.

Course Objectives
After completing the course, delegates will understand the history of whitespaces, and the opportunities for sharing together with methods to usage and regulate usage. Current developments and case studies will also be provided.

Intended for
Those who need to understand the regulation and practical application of whitespaces and advances sharing techniques, whether from a regulatory or commercial perspective.

Contents

•     What are whitespaces?
•     The possible applications of whitespace spectrum
•     Technologies being developed for the exploitation of whitespaces
•     Where are there opportunities for more sharing?
•     How is interference dealt with
•     The regulatory processes and procedures being applied
•     Geographic databases and dynamic spectrum access
•     Licensed shared access and similar regulatory tools

Date
18. - 19.04.2023

Duration
2 Days

Course Fee
1.395 EUR (excl. VAT)

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Training Focus
The amount of data traffic being carried over mobile networks is ever increasing, yet the amount of spectrum used to deliver that data is limited. This is leading, many believe, to a situation where there will be insufficient spectrum to deliver the capacity necessary to handle the traffic, often termed the ‘capacity crunch’. This course examines the various forecasts for mobile data traffic and considers whether and where growth might finally stop. It also explores various models used to turn the traffic levels into spectrum requirements to try to determine how much spectrum might be needed. The various methods for delivering data capacity will be discussed, together with an examination of the efficiency and effectiveness of the various mobile technologies (2G, 3G, 4G and 5G) and strategies such as network densification, off- loading and wholesale networks. The impact of the growth of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) and the Internet of Things (IoT), and the role of ultra-reliable, low latency communications will be discussed. Other issues, such as the cost per bit delivered, and the energy required to power networks will also be considered to examine whether there are financial constraints on data capacity growth and consumption.

Course Objectives
After completing the course, participants will be aware of various forecasts for mobile data, and methods used to predict mobile spectrum demand. They will have an understanding of types and performance of techniques used to deliver mobile data, and will understand the commercial and economic issues that affect the delivery of mobile capacity.

Intended for
People working as regulators, as well as for organizations such as government departments, transport operators, satellite companies, and military establishments who use the radio spectrum and who wish to understand the sources of the pressure to find more spectrum for mobile data.

Contents

•     How much spectrum is there?
•     Forecasting the growth of mobile data traffic
•     A historical viewpoint on the accuracy of predictions
•     Calculating mobile spectrum demand
•     Is there a limit on eventual demand?
•     Country case studies on data growth
•     The impact M2M and IoT and URLLC
•     Methods for handling mobile data
•     Mobile technologies (e.g. 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)
•     Offloading
•     Network densification
•     Wholesale and shared network models
•     The cost and energy implications of the various techniques

Date
20. - 21.04.2023

Duration
2 Days

Course Fee
1.395 EUR (excl. VAT)

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Training Focus
At its heart, radio spectrum management is essentially a technical discipline, overlaid by strategic and economic considerations. One of the main technical goals of spectrum management is to control interference between radio users so as to optimize the use of the spectrum. Controlling interference is not straightforward and requires the balancing of many factors and undertaking this balancing act requires expert skills. This course describes the necessary theoretical, practical and physical qualities of the radio spectrum including the specifics of wave propagation. Following a review of technical fundamentals such as modulation, antennas and propagation modeling, the course considers the characteristics of different parts of the radio spectrum, and examines in detail the different uses to which it is put. The course then discusses why specific uses are often associated with particular radio frequencies and reviews the technical capabilities and limitations of today’s RF technologies. Interference mechanisms and coordination procedures are explored, together with an understanding of how the performance of radio equipment affects interference and coverage. Finally, detailed explanations of the specifics of the most common radio communication services including broadcast, land mobile, fixed and satellite services are given.

Course Objectives
After completing the course, participants will have a full understanding of the technical and physical issues which impact spectrum management. In addition, they will have deepened their technical knowledge of different radio services and will understand the principles behind controlling interference and the coordination procedures

Intended for
This course is intended for those interested in the technical aspects of spectrum management. This includes those working in a technical function at regulators as well as in telecommunications and broadcasting companies and in organizations with a need for strong technical knowledge.

Contents

• Communication principles, modulation techniques and antennas
•     Radio wave propagation, terrain data and propagation calculations
•     Characteristics and use of the radio spectrum from ELF to EHF
•     Detailed exploration of a range of radio communication services:
•     Technical characteristics, service planning
•     Frequency assignment, coordination procedures

Date
06. - 10.11.2023

Duration
4,5 Days

Course Fee
2,800 € (excluding VAT)

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Training Focus
5G is driven by the need for mobile operators to quench the growing, insatiable and unquestionable thirst for mobile data, and to support new use cases and services. Numerous institutional, academic, commercial and regulatory organizations are working towards the commercialization of 5G services but fundamental questions remain such as what is 5G, what will 5G look like, and how will this impact spectrum demand, authorization and usage? There is also the question of technology: Will 5G be a new technology (and air-interface) or will it be a system of different technologies, each playing to their own strengths?
When it comes to the question of spectrum however, there are many different views about how growth in data traffic impacts upon demand for radio spectrum. It is also evident that, below 6 GHz, there is very little spectrum remaining that can be re-farmed for mobile ser vices and much of the focus for new spectrum for future mobile (5G) services is concentrated above 6 GHz. How feasible is it to deliver mobile services at such high frequencies? Are there ways to use existing spectrum more efficiently, or are technologies such as LTE Advanced already very close to the limit of what is achievable?

Course Objectives
After completing the course, participants will have an understanding how the evolution towards a 5G standard is leading the chase to identify new spectrum, which spectrum bands are under consideration, and whether 5G might mark the end to the hunger of mobile operators for more spectrum.
Intended for
those who need to better understand the spectrum implications of 5G technologies, whether from a regulatory, commercial or technical
perspective.

Contents

•     Forecasts of demand for data services
•     Realistically forecasting spectrum demand
•     Bands capabilities and issues with existing IMT bands
•     New bands being considered for 5G services
•     Propagation and coverage of bands above 6 GHz
•     The spectrum efficiency of existing IMT technologies
•     The 5G ecosystem
•     A roadmap for the introduction of 5G services
•     Authorization of 5G spectrum

Date
20. - 21.11.2023

Duration
2 Days

Course Fee
1,395 EUR (excl. VAT)

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Training Focus
Many countries are looking at introducing 5G mobile services into the frequency range 3400 – 3800 MHz. These frequencies are currently used by C-band satellite services which include a range of uses from television broadcasting to weather information to, in some cases, mission-critical aspects such as telemetry, tracking and command (TT&C).  This course will look in detail at the technical and operational issues surrounding the use of the band for 5G, the potential impact on satellite services, and the value and usefulness of mitigations that can be used to improve compatibility. Whilst the course focuses on the situation in C-band, the methods and techniques apply equally in other shared bands.

Course Objectives
After completing the course, participants will be aware of the technical and operational complexities of sharing the C-band between satellite and terrestrial 5G services. The impact on both services will be considered, together with an examination of the potential mitigation techniques, and their effectiveness. At the end of the course, delegates will understand the technical and operational practicalities of sharing the band.

Intended for
People working as regulators and within mobile or fixed wireless operators, as well as for organizations such as government departments and satellite companies who use the radio spectrum and who wish to understand the potential for using the C-band for 5G services.

Contents

• Typical C-band satellite use cases
  • Example services and link budgets
  • The specificities of TT&C use
•  C-band satellite performance characteristics
  •  5G deployment equipment types and deployment scenarios
  •  Wide Area, Medium Range, and Local Area base stations (including indoors)
•     User equipment
•     Critical satellite sharing criteria
•     5G interference mechanisms and modifications
•     Basic interference and compatibility calculations
•     Mechanisms for improving compatibility

Date
29. - 30.03.2023

Duration
2 Days

Course Fee
1.395 EUR (excl. VAT)

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Training Focus
The training is dedicated to the general SPECTRAemc handling (GUI), simple and complex database queries, data grid functions and general functions in order to let the trainees find the best way to understand the tools philosophy. The training involves the usage of SPECTRAemc.

Course Objectives
After the training the participants will be able to understand the main framework methods of SPECTRAemc very well. This is the absolutely necessary basis for the other more advanced training courses on radio calculations, wizards and AddOns.

Intended for
This course is intended for those who need to use SPECTRAemc in their daily work or those who want to learn about the SPECTRAemc framework capabilities. The training course will be useful both for new users but also for experienced users of the tool to learn about the new features.

Contents

•     Display and GIS functions
•     Database selection functionalities
•     Creation of objects in SPECTRAemc
•     Working with data grids
•     Working with SPECTRAemc scenario files
•     SPECTRAemc supporting tools

Date
on demand

Course Fee
on demand

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Training Focus
This course provides profound knowledge on how to conceive and build a server and network infrastructure to operate SPECTRA solutions. After presenting the general architectural options, the training will focus on how to set up and configure the environments. Further- more, maintenance and troubleshooting competence will be trained. Extended concepts in terms of security, backup, disaster recovery, third party licensing, and virtualization will expand the course. The training will be held in LS telcom training facilities and involves some hands-on activities.

Course Objectives
After completing the training, delegates will be able to understand the architectural options for SPECTRA solutions and will be able to set up and maintain the environments in their day-to-day work.

Intended for
This course is intended for ICT staff dedicated to the initial set-up, configuration, administration, maintenance and troubleshooting of an IT infrastructure for SPECTRA solutions (not for users of SPECTRA for licensing/planning purposes). Basic knowledge in several of the following areas is required to be able to follow the training: server and data base administration, virtualization, server/client architecture.

Contents

•     Hardware server infrastructure and network topology for SPECTRA
•     Server/client architecture for SPECTRA
•     Virtualization solutions
•     Workstations/laptop/tablets for SPECTRA
•     Backup concepts
•     Security aspects
•     Licensing concepts for third party software
•     Initial system installation
•     System administration/SPECTRA updates
•     Preventive maintenance and troubleshooting

Date
on demand

Course Fee
on request

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Training Focus
This training course is dedicated to the radio engineering part of SPECTRAemc in order to let the trainees understand the comprehensive calculation capabilities of tool. The training involves the usage of SPECTRAemc.

Course Objectives
After the training the participants will be able to understand how the comprehensive calculation capabilities of SPECTRAemc can be applied to solve practical problems.

Intended for
This course is intended for those who need to use SPECTRAemc in their daily work and also for those who want to learn initially about the SPECTRAemc calculation capabilities. This course can be also useful for advanced SPECTRAemc users working in one particular radio service to learn how SPECTRAemc can be applied in other areas.

Contents

•     Overview radio propagation models
•     Basic calculations using radio propagation models
•     Advanced interference calculations using radio propagation models
•     Frequency assignment calculations (based on interference analysis)
•     Special calculations

Date
on demand

Course Fee
on request

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Training Focus
SPECTRAplan S is the latest version of the classical SPECTRAplan module which is responsible for the administration of important data for spectrum planning on various levels in the SPECTRA system. The training is dedicated to the general SPECTRAplan S handling (GUI), simple and complex database queries, data grid functions and general functions in order to let the trainees find the best way to understand the tool’s philosophy. The training involves the usage of SPECTRAplan S.

Course Objectives
After the training the participants will be able to understand and apply the methods for frequency plan administration with SPECTRAplan S very well.

Intended for
This course is intended for those who have been already using the classical SPECTRAplan module and now want to migrate to the new SPECTRAplan S solution. Also completely novice user of the SPECTRA system starting directly with SPECTRAplan S will benefit from this training course.

Contents

• Getting started with the new GUI concepts
• Master data management
• Administration of frequency allocation tables
• EFIS interface
• Administration of frequency allotment plans
• Administration of frequency assignment plans
• Overview vector management module
• Overview user management module

Date
on demand

Course Fee
on request

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Training Focus
This training course is dedicated to the workflow and reporting related capabilities of SPECTRAemc in order to let the trainees understand how SPECTRAemc can be configured via the wizard workflow configurator tool and Crystal Reports Designer to the requirements of the customer. The training involves the usage of SPECTRAemc and the wizard workflow configurator tool.

Course Objectives
After the training the participants will be able to create/configure wizard workflows and Crystal Reports for SPECTRAemc. In addition the participants will be also able to maintain and further develop existing wizard workflows and Crystal Reports for SPECTRAemc.

Intended for
This course is intended for those who are interested to learn about the very comprehensive configuration capabilities of SPECTRAemc in terms of wizard workflows and/or Crystal Reports. The training course will be useful both for new users but also for experienced users of the tool to learn about the new features. Basic knowledge of SPECTRAemc core functionalities is required in advance.

Contents

•     Overview wizard workflows in SPECTRAemc
•     Overview wizard workflow configurator tool
•     Detailed discussion of important wizard commands/statements
•     Tasks and deadlines
•     Overview Crystal Reports in SPECTRAemc
•     Using Crystal Reports Designer for SPECTRAemc reports

Date
on demand

Course Fee
on request

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Training Focus
This training course is dedicated to the question how SPECTRAemc with its various AddOns can be applied for the international coordination processes. This will let the trainees understand the calculation and the administrative capabilities of the tool for various standardized international coordination procedures like for example HCM. The training involves the usage of SPECTRAemc.

Course Objectives
After the training the participants will be able to understand which standardized international coordination procedures are available in SPECTRAemc and how to use the tool to solve practical problems.

Intended for
This course will be also useful for those who are interested first to learn about the comprehensive capabilities of SPECTRAemc in terms of international coordination to decide how the module can be applied in their environment to solve practical problems. The training course will be useful both for new users but also for experienced users of the tool to learn about the new features.

Contents

• Overview available AddOns for international coordination
• Coordination checks during frequency assignment
• Administrative functionalities for international coordination (example HCM FX)

Date
on demand

Course Fee
on request

Note:
The above training content is mainly for providing overview on the SPECTRAemc capabilities in terms of international coordination. The HCM FX coordination process will be used as example to illustrate these capabilities. It is not possible to cover completely all international coordination capabilities of SPECTRAemc within one training course.
But it is possible to arrange additional detailed training courses on specific topics like:

• HCM FX coordination process
• HCM LM coordination process
• ITU coordination and notification process for terrestrial services
• ITU coordination and notification process for space services
• FACSMAB coordination for Asian regions

These additional training courses can be scheduled in addition to the standard training courses case of sufficient number of participants is interested.

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Training Focus
The UHF frequency range (400 – 960 MHz) hosts a wide variety of services including PMR, broadcasting (and PMSE), low-power devices and mobile services. Agenda item 1.5 of the 2023 World Radiocommunication Conference will examine part of this frequency range, with a view to deciding, for Region 1, how the band should be shared between these services in the future. In some countries, digital terrestrial broadcasting is widespread whereas some are considering, or already have, turned their terrestrial broadcasting services off. In yet others, the transition from analogue to digital is not yet complete.

Course Objectives
Against this backdrop of broadcasting, the mobile industry has already identified a new band at 600 MHz and it may be expected that they would be more than willing to soak up any additional spectrum in the UHF frequency range were it to become available. Other users are also keen to hang on to the spectrum they use and also, in some cases, may have good reason to expand their usage.

Intended for
This course is suitable for regulators, and for anyone whose business relies on UHF spectrum and who wish to understand how current machinations may impact their future. A basic knowledge of radio spectrum would be useful, together with some understanding of the international spectrum management regulatory structure.

Contents

• Identify all the users of the UHF frequency range, including the technologies and typical deployment scenarios
• Discuss the future of terrestrial broadcasting and its role in the connected future
• Explore the existing mobile bands in the frequency range and look at future demand
• Examine whether convergence might lead to new services which meet the needs of multiple users
• Hypothesise what the future of the UHF band may look like and the road to achieving this

Date
17.05.2023

Duration
1 Day

Course Fee
750 EUR (excl. VAT)

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